《DFMA面向制造与装配的设计》英文版 第3-4部分（112页）
在产品设计阶段，充分考虑来自于产品制造和装配的要求，使得机械工程师设计的产品具有很好的可制造性和可装配性，从根本上避免在产品开发后期出现的制造和装配质量问题。
本附件包含以下内容：
Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly（Third Edition）
3. Product Design for Manual Assembly........................73
3.1 Introduction.......73
3.2 General Design Guidelines for Manual Assembly....................... 74
3.2.1 Design Guidelines for Part Handling.... 74
3.2.2 Design Guidelines for Insertion and Fastening............... 74
3.3 Development of the Systematic Design for Assembly Methodology...................79
3.4 Assembly Efficiency..................... 81
3.5 Classification Systems.................82
3.6 Effect of Part Symmetry on Handling Time......85
3.7 Effect of Part Thickness and Size on Handling Time...................88
3.8 Effect of Weight on Handling Time....................89
3.9 Parts Requiring Two Hands for Manipulation....90
3.10 Effects of Combinations of Factors......................90
3.11 Effect of Symmetry for Parts That Severely Nest or Tangle and
May Require Tweezers for Grasping and Manipulation..............90
3.12 Effect of Chamfer Design on Insertion Operations...................... 91
3.13 Estimation of Insertion Time......94
3.14 Avoiding Jams during Assembly.........................95
3.15 Reducing Disc-Assembly Problems....................97
3.16 Effects of Obstructed Access and Restricted Vision on Insertion
of Threaded Fasteners of Various Designs.........98
3.17 Effects of Obstructed Access and Restricted Vision on Pop-Riveting
Operations.........99
3.18 Effects of Holding Down.......... 100
3.19 Manual Assembly Database and Design Data Sheets................ 103
3.20 Application of the DFA Methodology............... 104
3.20.1 Results of the Analysis........................... 107
3.21 Further Design Guidelines....... 110
3.22 Large Assemblies....................... 113
3.23 Types of Manual Assembly Methods................ 114
3.24 Effect of Assembly Layout on Acquisition Times....................... 118
3.25 Assembly Quality...................... 121
3.26 Applying Learning Curves to the DFA Times....123
References.................. 131
4. Electrical Connections and Wire Harness Assembly.... 133
4.1 Introduction..... 133
4.2 Wire or Cable Harness Assembly...................... 135
4.3 Types of Electrical Connections......................... 138
4.3.1 Solder Connections....... 139
4.3.2 Low-Pressure Connections.................... 139
4.3.3 High-Pressure Connections.................. 141
4.4 Types of Wires and Cables........ 143
4.5 Preparation and Assembly Times...................... 144
4.5.1 Preparation.................... 144
4.5.2 Assembly and Installation..................... 150
4.5.3 Securing.... 155
4.5.4 Attachment.................... 158
4.6 Analysis Method........................ 162
4.6.1 Procedure....................... 163
4.6.2 Case Study..................... 165
References.................. 184
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